The Shift from the School of Baghdad to the Hillah School of Hadith regarding the Authoritativeness of Single-Narrator Reports (Khabar al-Wāḥid)

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Assistant professor, Department of Quranic and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-e Asr University, Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran

10.22034/jis.2023.316145.1745

Abstract

According to Thomas Kuhn's depiction of the "scientific crisis" and subsequent "paradigm shift" in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, transitions between schools of thought often encounter resistance. This phenomenon is evident in the shifts between Imami schools of hadiths, particularly during the transition from the School of Baghdad to the School of Hillah in the second half of the seventh century AH. After Ibn Idrīs al-Ḥillī highlighted weaknesses and flaws in the jurisprudential method of the School of Baghdad, serious challenges arose, especially concerning the non-authoritativeness of single-narrator reports (khabar al-wāḥid). In response to the apparent shortcomings, numerous theories emerged during this scientific crisis, mirroring developments in the Imami schools. The School of Baghdad faced opposition from many jurists who criticized its approach. Notably, al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī attempted reforms in the School of Baghdad through his work al-Muʿtabar, advocating for some leniency in accepting hadiths to rectify deficiencies. On the contrary, scholars like ʿAlī b. Ṭāwūs, Aḥmad b. Ṭāwūs, al-Fāḍil al-Ābī, and al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī in Maʿārij al-uṣūl argued for the authoritativeness of single-narrator reports against the position of the School of Baghdad. Notably, al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī provided various speculative and textual arguments for the authoritativeness of single-narrator reports in his works. Due to the cogency of his arguments, the School of Hillah gained prominence among Imamiyya in the name of al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī.
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References

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Journal of Imamiyyah Studies
Volume 9, Issue 18 - Serial Number 18
January 2024
Pages 155-180

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