Journal of Imamiyyah Studies

Journal of Imamiyyah Studies

The Relation of Archetypes, Aʿyāni Thābitah, and the Problem of Free will and Determinism as Viewed by Muḥammad Jaʿfar Lahiji in His Commentary of Miftāḥ al-Khazāʾin

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Ebrahim Shad mobaraki 1
Mohammad Rasol Maleki 2
Ali Reza Ebrahim 3
1 Phd student, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran.
2 Assistant professor, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran,
3 Assistant professor, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,
Abstract
Ibn ʿArabi and his commentators opened a new way of explaining difficult theological and mystical categories by developing the mystical concept of "archetypes". For example, Muḥammad Jaʿfar Lāhījī, an Iranian mystic of the 13th century AH, tried to analyze the role of determinism and free will in human happiness and misery with the help of the teachings of archetypes. This research, with a descriptive-analytical method, shows that archetypes have some clues which may lead one to solve some of the most important theological problems. Lāhījī, relying on the category of "capacity of individuals" and the principle of "subordinate state of the existent objects with regard to their archetypes", may explain such topics as "God's prior knowledge before the creation of man", "the quality of the emergence of human objects and actions based on the archetypes` capacity, the concept of "inherent happiness and misery of human beings" and "the relationship between archetypes and human perfection and guidance". Based on this inference, the degree of individual`s determinism and free will and other related issues should be measured by the capacity of the archetype and in fact, it is the archetype that determines the boundaries of human action and the path of transcendence.
Keywords
Muḥammad Jaʿfar Lāhījī
Miftāḥ al-Khazāʾin
Determinism and Free Will
Intrinsic Capacity
Qurān-i Majīd
Akhūnd Khurāsanī, Muḥammad Kāzīm (1372). Kifāyat al-usūl, Bī jā, Bī nā.
Ibn Bābwayh Qomī (Ṣadūq), Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī (1398). Tawhīd, ed. Hashem Hosayni, Qom: Jāmi`i-yi Mudarrisīn Hawzi-yi Ilmiyi-yi Qom.
Ibn ʿArabī, Muḥammad ibn Alī (Bī tā). Futūḥāt-i Makkiyyah, Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, First edition.
 ____________ (1389). Fuṣūṣ al- ḥikam, ed. And tr. by Muḥammad Khwajawī, Tehran: Mawlā, Second edition.
Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad ibn Mukarram (1414). Lisān al-ʿArab, Beirut: Dār al-fikr l`iṭabāʿati wa al-nashr.
Ab`lfutūḥ Razi, Husiyn ibn Alī (1408). Rawḍ al-janān, ed. Muḥammad Mahdī Nasih wa Muḥammad Jaʿfar Yāḥaqqī, Mashhad: Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍawi.
 Barqī, Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad Khāk (1371). Al-maḥāsin, Qom: Dār al-kutub al-Islāmiyyah.
Tehrani, Āqā Buzurg (1403). Al-Dharīah ila taṣānīfi al-Shīah, Ed. Ahmad ibn Muḥammad Husayni, Beirut: Dār al-aḍwaʿ.
Jamī, ʿAbd`lraḥmān ibn Aḥmad (1337). Haft auwrang, ed. Murtaḍā Mudarris-i Gīlānī, Tehran: Kitāb furūshī-yi Saʿdī.
_________ (1370). Naqd al-nuṣūṣ fī sharḥ al-fuṣūṣ, Tehran: Sazmān-i chāp wa intishārāt-i wizārat-i farhang wa Irshād-i Islāmī.
Jundī, Muʾayyidu`ldīn (1423). Sharḥi fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam, Ed. Sayyid Jalāl`ddin Āshtiyanī, Qom: Būstān-i Kitāb.
Jahangiri, Mohsin (1390). Muḥyi`ldīn ibn ʿArabī: Chihri-yi barjasti-yi Irfān-i Islāmī, Tehran: Intishārāt-i Dānishgāh-i Tehrān.
Ḥāfiẓ, Shams al-din Muḥammad (1387). Dīwān, ed. Salīm Niysarī, Tehran: Sukhan.
Dashtī, Seyyed Muḥammad (1384). »Muqāyisi-yi naẓarāt-i Ibn ʿArabī wa Mawlawī dar bāri-yi jabr wa ikhtīār« in: Kitāb-i māh-i adabīāt, No. 95, p. 80-85.
Rāghib Isfahānī, Hossein ibn Muḥammad (1388). Al-Mufradāt fī gharīb al-Qurān, Tehran: Subhan.
Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī, Muḥammad ibn Ibrahīm (1361). Tafsīr al-Qurān al-karīm, ed. Muḥammad Khwājawī, Qom: Bīdār, Second edition.
________ (1383). Shrḥ-i Uṣūl Kāfī, Ed. Muḥammad Khwājawī, Tehran: Muʿassisi-yi muṭāliʿāt-i wa taḥqiqāt-i Farhangī.
ʿAqīqī Bakhshāyshī, Abdu`lrahīm (1387), Ṭabaqāt-i Mufassirān-i Shiʿah, Qom: Daftar-i nashr-i navid-i Islām.
Qumi, Alī ibn Ibrāhīm (1363). Tafsīr al-Qumi, Qom: Dār al-kitāb, Third edition.
Qunawī, Ṣadru`ldīn Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq (1381), Iʿjāz al-bayān, ed. Sayyid Jalālu`ldin Āshtiyānī, Qom: Būstān-i kitāb.
Qiyṣarī, Dāwūd )1375). Sharḥi fuṣūṣ al-ḥikam, ed. Sayyid Jalāl`ddin Āshtiyanī, Tehran: Ilmī farhangī.
Al-Kulaynī, Muḥammad ibn Ya`qūb (1407). Al-kāfī, Ṭehran: Dār al-kutub al-Islamiyyah.
Lāhījī, Muḥammad Jaʿfar (1386). Sharḥ risalat al-mashāʿir li`l-Mulla Ṣadrā, ed. Sayyid Jalāl`ddin Āshtiyanī, Qom: Būstān-i kitāb.
_________ (1253). Miftāḥ al-khazāʾin, Nuskhi-yi khaṭṭī Kitābkhāni-yi Malik, intr. and ed. Ibrahīm Shād Mubarakī.
Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir (1403). Biḥār al-anwār, Beirut: Dār Iḥyā` al-turāth al-Arabī.
Nasafī, ʿIzzu`l-Dīn (1386). Insān-i Kāmil, Tehran: Ṭahūrī.
Journal of Imamiyyah Studies
Volume 6, Issue 11 - Serial Number 11
September 2020
Pages 124-149