Journal of Imamiyyah Studies

Journal of Imamiyyah Studies

The Hajj Pilgrimage of 9 AH and the Proclamation of the Verses of Disavowal by Abū Bakr: A Geographical Analysis and Temporal Feasibility Study

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Assistant Professor, Department of History, Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute, Qom, Iran
10.22034/jis.2025.489862.1991
Abstract
The proclamation of the verses of disavowal in the ninth year of Hijra is a significant controversial issue in Islamic history. Many Sunni and Shiite scholars agree that the Prophet assigned someone to deliver these verses that year. Shiites identify Imam ‘Alī as the envoy, while most Sunnis attribute this role to Abū Bakr, with both groups citing various arguments in support of their claims. This study offers a fresh perspective on the proclamation of these verses, examining it from geographical and temporal standpoints. To this end, reports from both Sunni and Shiite sources are scrutinized. An analysis of the historical claims made by both groups indicates that, geographically, the locations mentioned in early sources suggest that Abū Bakr’s return to Medina and subsequent rejoining of Imam ʿAlī for the proclamation would not have been feasible within the available timeframe.
Keywords
Subjects

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